Differences were identified between patient racial groups and by urban versus rural populations. A magnetic resonance imaging study has compared tissue iron levels and biventricular function between the two conditions. An ongoing phase IIA study reports safety and dosing data for patients with transfusion-dependent disease. Myeloablation followed by exa-cel infusion brought transfusion independence to β-thalassemia patients in a phase III trial. Dr. Vadivelan shared her study on pituitary and pancreatic iron deposition in patients with SCD at the 2024 ASPHO Conference. Exa-cel eliminated RBC transfusions in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. The European Commission has approved the Conditional Marketing Authorization for exagamglogene autotemcel. Direct-acting antiviral therapy was safe and effective in pediatric patients with thalassemia who contracted hepatitis C.