Levels for certain inflammation biomarkers in patients with MDS were similar to in patients with autoinflammatory disorders. In pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients, hematopoietic stem cell transplant was found to bolster overall survival. The most common serious treatment-emergent adverse event among patients receiving either therapy was pneumonia. A study has observed these genetic influences on disease outcome in MDS with isolated deletion of chromosome 5q. The trial outcomes did not meet statistical significance but suggest transfusion independence achievement and good tolerance. Phase III trial findings on MDS with chromosome 5q deletion also included improved treatment response and favorable safety. Analysis of patients' IPSS-R scoring and bone marrow blast presence found limited benefit from pretransplant interventions. MDS experts tell of the clinical factors they consider when selecting from the available agent options. An MDS expert panel discusses findings from the trial's comparison of luspatercept with ESAs in this setting. Phase II study data demonstrate this benefit in patients with low-risk myeloid malignancies or precursor conditions. Final data from a phase II trial suggest a promising option for elderly patients with this serious disease. Dr. Chedid brings an update highlighting the most noteworthy recent findings from MDS clinical trials. Results from a new analysis further support the initial findings of the global, phase III IMerge trial. This noninvasive technique is a potential improvement over bone marrow aspiration in MDS clinical evaluation and monitoring. This would be the fourth authorized indication for luspatercept in the European Union. The panel shares their outlook for the future of MDS research and treatment. Dr. Tanaka outlines a biomarker study that observed reduced inflammation in patients with MDS treated with luspatercept. The panel discussed a study that assessed quality of life and PROs in patients receiving luspatercept for MDS. The panel discusses whether starting treatment with luspatercept sooner in patients with MDS is beneficial. Dr. Shammo shares her reaction to a study that assessed mutational burden and impact on primary outcomes in COMMANDS.